Essay on british army Values and standards - 1839 Words

AC 63812 A British Soldier’s Values and Standards V A L U E S A N D S T A N D A R D S O F T H E B R I T I S H A R M Y FOREWORD BY THE HEAD OF THE ARMY Humans are naturally team players, we all seek the company of others and like to share our experiences. The British Army is the ultimate team. It has an excellent reputation across the World, which is built on trust. A lot is expected of you as a British Soldier; you will be required to serve in dangerous places, risk your life for your teammates and put up with uncomfortable conditions. Our Values and Standards are essential to the British Army, they define what the British soldier is. They are more than just words, we must all believe in them and live by them. I expect you to†¦show more content†¦If you lack integrity, your teammates cannot trust what you say or do; they cannot rely on you and your team will suffer. You must look after your integrity as, like trust, once it is lost it takes a long time to earn back, if ever. V A L U E S Loyalty A N D S T A N D A R D S O F T H E B R I T I S H A R M Y SUPPORT THE ARMY AND YOUR TEAMMATES Loyalty is about supporting your teammates, looking after and helping them, putting their needs before your own, not letting them down, even when the going gets tough. In return, they will do the same for you. However, loyalty does not mean you should cover up for illegal or unlawful acts committed by your teammates as that would show a lack of integrity and moral courage. V A L U E S Respect For Others A N D S T A N D A R D S O F T H E B R I T I S H A R M Y TREAT OTHERS AS YOU EXPECT TO BE TREATED Soldiers come in all shapes and sizes and all deserve to be treated fairly. There is no place for any form of harassment or discrimination in an Army that claims to ‘Be the Best’. Discrimination damages teams; it excludes members and does not give them a chance to contribute. The Army recognises the importance of humour, but humour must be inclusive. Humour that insults, ridicules or intimidates people is destructive and damages the team. Respecting others is part of the trust that has to exist between you and your teammates; you must judge people on their abilities and not on their race, religion or sex. RespectShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Yorktown : A Great Indication1664 Words   |  7 PagesHistory is a great indication of how we can improve situations in the present for an even successful future. Learning from what has happened in the past can provide our current United States of America (US) Army with strategies that can enhance our ability to be successful during military mission battles. The Battle of Yorktown provides a great example of how working with other nations and being their allies can help us to overcome issues within our own units, batteries, and higher echelon. WithRead MoreThe Battle Of Lexington And Concord1493 Words   |  6 Pagessophisticated British Army, also known as the Redcoats, and local the colonist men also known as minutemen. The colonies were overmatched in size and equipment however that did not stop them from fighting for their weapons and most importantly their rights. The level of resentment between the 13 Colonies and the British was enough to spark a revolutionary war and it did. The outrage over taxation without representation was only intensified when the town of Concord got word that the British were comingRead MoreThe Battle Of Lexington And Concord1493 Words   |  6 Pagessophisticated British Army, also known as the Redcoats, and local the colonist men also known as minutemen. The colonies were overmatched in size and equipment however that did not stop them from fighting for their weapons and most importantly their rights. The level of resentment between the 13 Colonies and the British was enough to spark a revolutionary war and it did. The outrage over taxation without representation was only intensified when the town of Concord got word that the British were comingRead MoreThe Standard Of Quality, Achievement, And Discipline1627 Words   |  7 PagesStandards and Discipline 1SG Alan J. Muilenburg 1stan†¢dard noun ˈstan-dÉ™rd : a level of quality, achievement, etc., that is considered acceptable or desirable 1dis†¢ci†¢pline noun ˈdi-sÉ™-plÉ™n : a way of behaving that shows a willingness to obey rules or orders Looking back to the birth of our Nation and actions at Valley Forge in 1778, it is readily apparent that our Revolutionary Forces were little more than civilians fighting against a highly disciplined British Army. General Washington’s menRead MoreEssay Problems with the Articles of Confederation856 Words   |  4 PagesProblems with the Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation were developed after the Revolutionary War, and were a good idea to help set standards for America. However, they had some major problems that needed to be solved in order for America to become a strong nation. After these problems were addressed the Constitution was developed. Unfortunately for the National Government, Congress did not have any power to collect taxes from people in each individual state. The CongressRead MorePaul Revere was born in Boston’s North End, in December 1734. His dad name was Apollos Rivoire and700 Words   |  3 Pagesmaster goldsmith, doing well in a city that was struggling economically, because of British tax policies. His clients were both artisans and the citys upper class, whose houses were decorated with Revere-made tea sets and spoons. Even as his business did well, Revere took attention of the situation around him. As others struggled, he saw that his own business could soon be in debt unless problems with the British were soon solved. He joined the Freemasons and became friends with other activists suchRead MoreThe Winner Of The War Of 1812 Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pageswith less losses. The two views of the War of 1812 conflict with each other in many ways. The British has one view on this war. They have the belief that they stopped the Americans from trading with France during the Napoleonic wars. They set up a blockade with only about fifteen percent of their navy. Donald R. Hickey said â€Å"The blockade devastated the American economy. Between 1811 and 1814, the value of exports and imports fell from $114 million to $20 million, while custom rates used to financeRead MoreGermany s Second World War II1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthe air corps. It was through Billy Mitchell’s demonstrations in the 20’s that the Army Air Force requested the Boeing company to produce a 4 engine bomber with the designation YB-17. This design later became the B-17’s that would come to eventually bomb Germany into submission. Without a big bomber during the war, Germany missed out on many potential victories. For example: during the Battle of Britain, standard medium bombers were unable to destroy Britain sufficiently to force surrender, butRead MoreThe Expansion Of The European Empire1712 Words   |  7 Pagesnegative effects on India that are associated with the underdevelopment of the country as a whole. Britain, taking note of the value in India’s culture, adopted a few of India’s ideologies to attract westerners to the newly established colony. The connection between Britain and India reach as far back as the 1600’s with the establishment of the East India Company. This British owned joint-stock company functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the Queen and quickly rose to be accountable for overRead MoreBritish And Chinese Trade Of Opium Into China Caused The Corruption And Eventual Downfall Of The Qing Dynasty1730 Words   |  7 Pageswhich the British and Chinese trade of opium into China caused the corruption and eventual downfall of the Qing dynasty. The main body of this investigation focuses on the corruption and failure of the Chinese government in controlling British incursions, which caused its citizens to rebel and thus began the downfall of the Qing Dynasty. The introductions of opium to China and the effects it had on China will be assessed in accordance to origin, value, purpose, and limitation. The British and Chinese

The Mass Murder At The Bath School Disaster Essay

Eighty-nine years after the Bath School Disaster, the deadliest mass murder at a school in United States history (Dozier), it remains one of the most significant and defining events in my hometown’s history. The great significance of the {impacts of the} disaster is obvious when taking a walk through the memorial park, when time is spent in the Bath School Museum browsing through town artifacts, and especially when walking the halls of any Bath Community School on May 18th, the disaster’s anniversary. Bath, Michigan is a small town approximately fifteen minutes northeast of Lansing, the state capital, and is the only place outside of Ann Arbor I call home. On the surface, Bath is a typical small town where nearly every resident is a familiar face and most classmates are together from pre-school to twelfth grade. {However, looking into Bath’s history reveals a much richer past than one might expect from a town of its size.} *Combine and make better – Bath = normal boring history with a few colorful/ interesting points*{In addition to the usual agriculture-centered history typical of towns in the area, Bath holds several interesting chapters in its history books.} These interesting chapters include unique traditions such as the annual Bath Tub Races (which is exactly what it sounds like), but the most unique, if not defining, chapter is that of the Bath School Disaster. Andrew Kehoe, a farmer and treasurer of the school board, was a man who experienced severe financialShow MoreRelatedEssay about Chapter 162321 Words   |  10 Pagesthe US tripped between 1860 and 1880 and tripled again by 1920, opening vast new areas to commercial farming and creating truly national market for manufactured goods. The growing population formed an ever-expanding market for the mass production, mass distribution, and mass marketing of goods, essential elements of a modern industrial economy. The railroads created 5 transcontinental lines and 4 times zones throughout the nation. 3. Why did organized efforts of farmers, workers, and local reformersRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesprevious history combined. During the same time span, however, state tyranny and brutal oppression reached once unimaginable levels—in large part due to the refinement or introduction of new technologies of repression and surveillance and modes of mass organization and control. Breakthroughs in the sciences that greatly enhanced our understandings of the natural world and made for major advances in medicine and health care were very often offset by the degradation of the global environment andRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesslaves, and disemboweled other natives who resisted conquest. Many were hanged, some were burned alive. He chopped off the hands of thousands who were slow in producing the gold he wanted. Many Arawak Indians responded by committing a series of mass suicides. He shipped 500 Arawak Indians back on Europe as slaves, although 200 died on the voyage. He brought Western diseases which spread across North and South America, almost depopulating what is now California. 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Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as providesRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 Pagesv S3 balance n S2, W2 balance v S3 ball n S1, W2 ban n W3 band n S2, W2 bang v S3 bang n S3 bank n S1, W1 bar n S1, W1 barrier n W3 base v S1, W1 base n S2, W2 baseball n S3, W2 basic adj S2, W1 basically adv S1 basis n S2, W1 basket n S3 bat n S3 bath n S2, W3 bathroom n S2, W3 battery n S2 battle n W2 be auxiliary S1, W1 be v S1, W1 beach n S2, W2 bean n S2 bear v S2, W2 beard n S3 beat v S2, W2 beat n S3 beautiful adj S1, W2 beauty n S3, W2 because conj S1, W1 because prep S1, W1 become v S1,Read MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagescaressed Thomas face as he lay against the bus window. Thomas was eighteen, the oldest in his grade. He had dark blonde hair and ocean blue eyes. Thomas was not in that great of shape, but he did not have a weight problem either. He wore the standard school uniform, that being- black pants and a white shirt with the schools emblem on the left breast. The suns heat started to irritate Thomas face. His eyes twitched then opened. Thomas covered his face with his right hand and stared outside. TheRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagestranscribed and analysed. The CMS mission at Onitsha undertook the collection of a considerable amount of lexical material. Several copies of a typescript Ibo-English dictionary, edited by T.J. Dennis, are in existence (one is in the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London). The material is stated in the introduction to be mostly from Onitsha and its neighbourhood; it was collected by ‘Miss Warner and other Missionaries 2 Reviewed by M.M. 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Renaissance Choir Finance Management System Free Essays

I will be making a system for the accounts of Renaissance Choir. Renaissance Choir are based in Emsworth and have 29 members. They sing at many events throughout the year and sometimes in Chichester Cathedral. We will write a custom essay sample on Renaissance Choir Finance Management System or any similar topic only for you Order Now They meet weekly. Statement of Problem Renaissance Choir require a system to manage their finances. It must be flexible and easy to use, so that anyone could come along and use it, without previous knowledge. Schedule of Activities Section Weeks Specification 1.5 Implementation 3 Testing 1.5 Evaluation 1 User Documentation 1 Total 8 Background The current system is based on two books containing input and output for the choir. All entries are written into the book by hand, and the books have to be carried to meetings when necessary and this is not very convenient, and rather slow. A computerised system would be more efficient. The system needs to deal with petty cash, as a constant amount is usually kept as a float or for occasions where cash is required and not a cheque or other method of payment. Overview As the system needs to contain columns of data, a spreadsheet would be most appropriate. I would use Excel, as I am well acquainted with it and it has many useful features that I can use to my advantage. My system would be composed of several sheets- a main sheet with buttons to move between sheets, then other sheets for data entry, listing the entries and making graphs and pivot table reports. Each sheet would have a button to link back to the main menu, and to other relevant sheets. For instance the data entry screen would have a button to submit the data into the spreadsheet, which would activate a macro and move the data. It would also have a button to move to the data-listing screen, which would have a button to link back. The graph page would have a button that would create a graph, and another to clear it. The exit button on the main screen may also clear the graph as well as exiting. Interview and Research Summary I gave a questionnaire to my end user, who filled it in. This has given me much background and other useful information, that can be used to help produce the system. Volume of Data The system will be updated on a weekly basis, so it must be relatively easy to add, delete and change records, as it will be used so frequently. However, cheques need to be paid in at random intervals, and the system will need to recalculate totals and other formulae after each of these events. It must also be able to cope with petty cash, which can fluctuate. Problems with the Current System Problems with the current system are its inability to transfer data easily between the two books and the balance sheet, the fact that it is slow and rather inefficient, due to having two heavy books to carry around. Hardware Full Potential To get good performance from the system, the requirements would be: 200 MHz processor speed 16 MB Ram 16 Bit colour graphics or better Software Full Potential The features of Excel that I will use to create the system are: macros, buttons and controls, formulae, charts, pivot table reports, visual basic, linked workbooks and Input and Output The user will enter data every week. The volume of data entered will depend upon how many events were held in that month, as each event will probably have inputs to the system in income and expenditure. At the end of each month and at the end of the year, the data will be summarised and the summary probably printed. Also, the system will process the lists of data to produce sub-totals and totals over different time spans. User Skill Level My end user is pretty skilled with computers, as she uses them in her work frequently. Therefore the system will not have to explain basic computer functions or other very basic ideas in the user guide, and the technical guide can be pretty complicated. Software Use I will produce the system, but on the main page I will hide the gridlines. I may do this on other pages as well, so that unnecessary gridlines are not shown- if I want gridlines to be shown, then borders can be put around required cells where tables are required. Also, anything that shouldn’t be altered (e.g. integral system parts) will be protected to prevent alteration. There will be macros to do things like moving between sheets and adding records. Objectives to Perform My end user wants the system to be able to: * Hold both income and expenditure in one place * Cope with petty cash that is used for floats at events and other purposes * Be able to transfer data between sections easily * Produce graphs and charts of the data * Produce summaries of the data Performance Indicators * Must be able to open relatively quickly, even on lower spec machines * Must be able to contain a large volume of data while still retaining a file size below 100 kilobytes * It must be relatively easy and quick to enter data or perform other operations * It must be relatively difficult to make mistakes while entering data (using drop-down lists, buttons, macros etc) * It must be easy to get to specific sections * It must be foolproof- e.g. impossible to alter critical system aspects * It must be possible to alter the structure of the database when necessary How to cite Renaissance Choir Finance Management System, Papers

The Gold-Legged Frog by Khamsing Srinwark Essay Example

The Gold-Legged Frog by Khamsing Srinwark Essay The character of Nak is born into a life of hardship and there are many things that make his life seem anything but lucky. The environment of the country that Nak lives in and depends on is difficult and hostile. Early morning it is freezing cold the morning cold had pierced his bones but by mid day the sun is so hot it is hard just to work outside the sun blazed, he knew it meant giddiness and sunstroke, Nak relies on the land and so the harsh climate does not make it easy. Nak as a rice farmer relies on the earth and his crops but his environment makes this another hardship, the land is stricken with drought, want, disaster and death the fields are completely starved of water cracks of the parched earth this must make it extremely difficult to bring in enough food to feed his family which relies on him. We are shown Naks frustration at this angry at the weather capable of such endless torture Naks poverty makes his living conditions also harsh, the food they eat frogs with morning rice is very basic and must be monotonous and boring. But there is no money for Nak to spend on food, youre poor so they rely on what can be found around his home land snail or razor clam he would take these as well this diet must not be very healthy. The lack of modern medicine available to Nak must make his life seem very unlucky. He has to rely on faith healers and herbalists without antibiotics, vaccinations or any other the treatments for illness we would take for granted. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gold-Legged Frog by Khamsing Srinwark specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Gold-Legged Frog by Khamsing Srinwark specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Gold-Legged Frog by Khamsing Srinwark specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Naks treatment from the deputy district officer, the authority, is disrespectful, snobbish and rude, the deputy district officer raised his fat face to stare at him for a moment then when spoke to he is insulted Idiot him and the others waiting to see the deputy are made to wait an hour outside like unworthy subjects. This behaviour from the government Nak must feel is a last hope for him and his family must be extremely de-motivating and must make Nak feel himself like he is born to suffer, youre at the end of your tether and you turn to the authorities only to be put down The final straw for Nak is having to leave is son in a state where he could die any moment, we see the sons good relation ship with his father, Pa, heres another one. Pa and when the snake bit Naks sons hand he carried his child this shows how much Nak loved his son. Nak is then faced with an awful decision to make, to stay with his dieing son and face jail if you dont go, you simply go to jail or leave his son, who could die at any moment. For Nak to make this decision is cruel and extremely unlucky, the timing of the government offering the money for families with five or more children and his son suffering a snake bite can only be seen as anything but lucky. Nak makes the harsh decision to leave his son in a critical condition to receive the money, which itself was very difficult, cant you see my boys gasping out his life? How can I go? He cried this shows Naks desperation and anger at the events. When Nak returns he finds his son dead. one more day and youd be out of two hundred baht although we do not find out Naks reaction to this, we know how much Nak cares for his son, and the final death of his son was surely heartbreaking. In conclusion, there are so many things which make Naks life anything but lucky; the environment he lives in, his poverty, hardship, treatment, living conditions, and most importantly the death of his son. All these reasons could easy make you believe the view that Nak was born to suffer.

Free Essays on Israel

The Palestinian President Yasser Arafat requested Israel’s new government to resume talks involving the Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. Arafat said that they are ready to resume negotiations with the Israel’s government, and immediately if necessary. Ever since Sharon had won a victory over Prime Minister Ehud Barak on Feb. 6, Sharon and Arafat have been undeniable enemies. Both of the leaders have seemed to put aside their difference unwillingly, in order to further negotiate talks. â€Å"Let the negotiations over the permanent status be resumed from the point it had left off,† Arafat said. â€Å"This is the only efficient and logical way to reach a clear security formula and a strong basis for coming agreements.† Sharon said that he would only resume talks with the Palestinians only if they stop the revolt that started after Sharon visited Jerusalem. Arafat must order his people to stop the violence in order to negotiate. Sharon said that once the negotiations begin he will offer the Palestinians only about 42 percent of the West Bank, in which they completely control now. But Arafat wants to resume talks where they left off, in which they would share Jerusalem and the Palestinians would get more than 95 percent of the West Bank and all of the Gaza Strip to compose a Palestinian state. In class we have discussed the issue of the Palestines and the Israelis and the conflict between the two. This is definitely a step in the right direction in order to have peace in this troubled area. With this area having so much valuable history it is a shame seeing it being destroyed the way it is. Fighting has been a reoccurring event in this area and peace talks are in desperate need. At this point in time the talks are in the early stages, but they are in the process of working things out. It’s definitely a shame to see the tragedies that are occurring but it is also good to see that they are atleast talking.... Free Essays on Israel Free Essays on Israel The Palestinian President Yasser Arafat requested Israel’s new government to resume talks involving the Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. Arafat said that they are ready to resume negotiations with the Israel’s government, and immediately if necessary. Ever since Sharon had won a victory over Prime Minister Ehud Barak on Feb. 6, Sharon and Arafat have been undeniable enemies. Both of the leaders have seemed to put aside their difference unwillingly, in order to further negotiate talks. â€Å"Let the negotiations over the permanent status be resumed from the point it had left off,† Arafat said. â€Å"This is the only efficient and logical way to reach a clear security formula and a strong basis for coming agreements.† Sharon said that he would only resume talks with the Palestinians only if they stop the revolt that started after Sharon visited Jerusalem. Arafat must order his people to stop the violence in order to negotiate. Sharon said that once the negotiations begin he will offer the Palestinians only about 42 percent of the West Bank, in which they completely control now. But Arafat wants to resume talks where they left off, in which they would share Jerusalem and the Palestinians would get more than 95 percent of the West Bank and all of the Gaza Strip to compose a Palestinian state. In class we have discussed the issue of the Palestines and the Israelis and the conflict between the two. This is definitely a step in the right direction in order to have peace in this troubled area. With this area having so much valuable history it is a shame seeing it being destroyed the way it is. Fighting has been a reoccurring event in this area and peace talks are in desperate need. At this point in time the talks are in the early stages, but they are in the process of working things out. It’s definitely a shame to see the tragedies that are occurring but it is also good to see that they are atleast talking....

Job Prospects for ESL Teachers in the U.S.

Job Prospects for ESL Teachers in the U.S. If youve ever thought about changing professions to become an ESL teacher, now is the time. Increasing demand for ESL teachers has created a multitude of ESL job opportunities in the US. These ESL jobs are being offered by states which are offering a number of job training opportunities for those not already qualified to teach ESL. There are two principle types of ESL jobs that are in demand; positions which require bilingual teachers (Spanish and English) to teach bilingual classes, and ESL positions for English-only classes for speakers who have a limited ability in English (LEP: limited English proficiency). Recently, the industry has moved away from speaking about ESL and has turned to ELL (English language learners) as the preferred acronym.   ESL Job Demand Facts Here are some statistics that point to the great need: According to the  National Center for Education Statistcs, In school year, 27 percent of all schools with bilingual/ESL teaching vacancies found them very difficult or impossible to fill, more than for many other teaching fields. Since this report, the number of ESL job vacancies has grown rapidly.From the same report: As the number of children with difficulty speaking English has increased (from 1.25 million in 1979 to 2.44 million in 1995), so has the burden on school systems to recruit teachers with the skills necessary to teach these classes. The difficulty schools have in filling such positions is one indication of whether the supply of bilingual and ESL teachers is adequate to meet the demand.The number of LEP speakers grew 104.7%, from 2,154,781 in 1989 to 4,416,580 in 2000 according to a survey performed by the National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition. Now for the good news: As a means of meeting the ESL job demand a number of special programs have been implemented around the United States for non-certified teachers. These programs provide an excellent means for teachers who have not taught in the State education system to take advantage of these opportunities. Even more exciting, it provides an opportunity for those from a wide variety of backgrounds to become ESL teachers. Some of these even provide a financial bonus (for example a bonus of up to $20,000 in Massachusetts) for joining their programs! Teachers are needed throughout the country, but principally in large urban centers with high immigrant populations.   Education Required In the U.S., the minimum requirement for programs is a bachelors degree and some sort of ESL qualification. Depending on the school, the qualification required might be as simple as a months certificate such as the CELTA (Certificate in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages). The CELTA is accepted around the world. However, there are other institutions that provide training online and in weekend courses. If youd like to teach in a community college or at a university, youll need at least a masters degree preferably with a specialization with ESL.   For those who would like to teach in public schools (where demand is growing), states require additional certification with different requirements for each state. Its best to look into the certification requirements in the state in which you would like to work.   Business English or English for Special Purposes teachers are in high demand outside of the country and are often hired by individual firms to teach staff.  Unfortunately, in the United States, private companies rarely hire in-house teachers.   Pay Despite the need for quality ESL programs, pay remains rather low except at larger accredited institutions such as universities. You can find out about average salaries in each state. Generally speaking, universities pay best followed by public school programs. Private institutions can vary widely from near minimum-wage to much better-paid positions.   To meet the growing demand for ESL teachers, a number of websites have created invaluable resources for the recruitment of teachers. This guide provides some tips on becoming an ESL teacher. Other opportunities are open to those who are in mid-career  or do not have the exact teacher certification required by any individual state for ESL jobs in the public school system. For more information on teaching ESL in the United States, TESOL is the leading association and provides a great deal of information.

Media, culture and society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Media, culture and society - Essay Example The BBC is a non-commercial and the most well-known public service broadcaster (PSB) in the UK. However, it was with the launch of the first commercial broadcaster ITV in 1955, which made the government formulate certain rules, wherein, the broadcasters were obliged to show a certain level of local news coverage, arts and religious programming. Later, with the launch of other commercial television broadcasters, the government started PSB channels like Channel 4 and S4C. Channel 4 catered to the minorities and arts, whereas, S4C focused on Welch language programs. Later, Channel 4 went through a restructuring under the Broadcasting Act 1990. Even ITV is attempting to restructure its model by reducing unprofitable PSB programming. The major reason for these PSB channels to restructure is due to the increased competition from the digital and the multi-channel television. Recently, even Ofcom has come up with a consulting paper to decide on what direction the PSB channels should take in the near future. The Ofcom in its report assessed the effectiveness of the designated public service broadcasters - BBC, Channel 3, Channel 4, Five, S4C and Teletext - in delivering the public service purposes set out in the Communications Act in the UK. The report also analysed "how the quality of public service broadcasting can be maintained and strengthened in future." Ofcom set a new framework for PSB that would be adaptable to "respond to and reflect changing technologies, markets, and the needs of citizens and consumers." The Ofcom in its report recommended the formation of a new Public Service Publisher, which would be flexible enough to adapt to the constant changes witnessed in the media industry in the contemporary world. The report also addressed the issue of the governance of the BBC. It stated that the governance framework should "support a well-run, strong, independent and properly funded BBC which operates consistently in the public interest." However, Ofcom also demanded to have a greater clarity between the functions of internal governance, the accountability of publicly funded bodies in broadcasting and of regulation for the broadcasting sector as a whole. The BBC, developed under the first Director General of the channel Lord Reith, had the mission to inform, educate and entertain. Although, being funded by the government, the BBC tried to remain independent from the government's interference, which has made the BBC a respected organisation throughout the world. However, the danger of being influenced by the government and the upper-class society always lurks on an organisation funded by the government. Further, BBC has also earned the reputation for 'cultural paternalism' and being 'popular with the upper-middle-class viewers'. This is also being attacked by the left-wing critics of the media time and again. The first challenges to the BBC's monopoly came in the early 1950s in a report by Ronald Coase, an economist with the London School of Economics and Political Science. Coase in his paper "The British Broadcasting Corporation. A Study in Monopoly" (Coase 1950) identified two clusters of arguments supporting the BBC's monopoly i.e. arguments from technical and efficiency considerations and arguments from programming considerations. Later, former Prime Minister Thatcher, set up the Peacock Commission